Human procreation and its various features are among the most important topics worldwide. One of the areas of this analysis deals with international human RIGHTS documents because these documents show international trends in reproductive RIGHTS. Therefore, this paper aims to prepare a venue to understand the definition, nature or entity, scope and content, right - holder and duty bearer, and the obligations of duty-bearers regarding others’ reproductive RIGHTS in international human RIGHTS organizations. The findings indicated there is no specific and agreed definition of reproductive RIGHTS in these human RIGHTS documents. The theories (Hohfeld’s theory about a right, the Will - Choice Theory, and the Benefit - Interest Theory) cannot justify the nature of reproductive RIGHTS well. There are many epistemological challenges regarding the content and the scope of these reproductive RIGHTS and related states’ obligations in those treaties, which made the realization of these reproductive RIGHTS difficult or even impossible.

Professional ethics in advertisement is about using ethical principles by media and evaluates its impact on audience knowledge, view and manner and information ethics studies the using the information in media. Depth interviews (Delphi) is used to extract the parameters of scholars, experts, academics, policy makers and practitioners of the advertising industry and content analysis of advertising messages through mass media is used to determine the adherence rates. The result of this research is codifying of 14 indicators which derived from 128 primary indicators, which can be used for the Professional ethic principles.

The aim of this study was investigating the relationship between ego identity status and communication skills in tribal and urban high school students. A sample of 371 tribal and urban boy and girl student of grade three high school and pre university of shiraz city which were selected via multi-stage cluster sampling with class sample unit, completed extended objective measure of ego identity Status and communication skills Test-Revised. Descriptive statistical methods and multiple regression analysis were used for organizing and analyzing data. General findings indicated that achieved identity status in all groups, positively predicts communication skills. Also, diffusion identity status predicts communication skills in urban students negatively but does not predict communication skills in tribal student. Furthermore, diffusion identity status negatively predicts communication skills in boys but does not predict communication skills in girls. Diffusion identity status negatively predict communication skills in urban girls while does not predict communication skills in tribal girls. Furthermore, the relationship of identity status on sub communication skills was investigated. The findings are discussed regarding research literature and suggestions for further investigation are set forth.

One of the most important specifications of marital relationships is cycles and COMMUNICATIONAL patterns, which emerge among them and may be fixing by repetition. The purpose of this study is to study the “demand– withdraw pattern” which is one of the most prevalent dysfunctional marital COMMUNICATIONAL patterns and to identify the factors which effect it. The method of present investigation is qualitative study (analysis the texts and interview) the results showed that the factors which effect on the demand– withdraw cycle include internal factors, relational factors, and situational factors. With regard to the results, it revealed that the factors which effects on the demand– withdraw cycle are wide and varied and they have multiple dimensions.

This article tries - by studying the COMMUNICATIONAL function of the Epopees of Imam Hossein s followers in Ashura event- to understand the function of Epopee - as a traditional medium- in one of the most important Islamic events from the COMMUNICATIONAL aspect. Using the "functionalism theory" in studying the functions of COMMUNICATIONAL messages, it has been focused on "awareness" as one of the functions of COMMUNICATIONAL messages in this study and then by using the -step Lasswell model, the Epopees of Emam Hossein’s followers were studied from the aspect of their "awareness" function. The method used was "Qualitative content method".One of the results is that the Epopees of the followers of Emam Hossein in Ashura, besides the current functions of this traditional medium in that time -such as boasting the glories and courage to the Foe and declaring the warfare and the family of the warrior- has been in the same aim with the goals of Emam Hossein in the Ashura Rise and from this aspect, it has "awareness function".

Introduction: Professional ethics in any field of medical specialties lead to better communication between patient and doctor and ultimately improve the quality of health care and patient satisfaction will follow. So, we aimed to evaluate the professional communication skills in students before and after training in an attempt to improve the clinical skills in all students of medicine and dentistry. Materials & Methods: This quasi experimental study had 100 dental students from Isfahan University of Medical Sciences enrolled in the year 2016 before and after taking the course and were rated using valid and reliable questionnaires and then the scores were compared. The data was analysed via independent-t test and co-variance. P value = 0. 05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Based on the results of data analysis a difference between the level of students' knowledge before and after the lessons were observed. Moreover, the mean score for men and women after completing the course did not significantly differ. Based on the results of independent t test scores in men and women's clinical skills before taking the course, there was no significant difference (p value = 0. 689). There was no significant relationship between other subscales and gender before and after training (p value = 0. 2). Conclusion: According to the results of data analysis, the theoretical presentation of the course has improved students' perceptions of clinical skills. Therefore, taking into account the views of dental students is one of the necessary elements in improving the education and training of oral health care providers in the community in the future.

The present study was conducted to analyze The Knowledge Management and COMMUNICATIONAL Skills of Managers of Physical Education Organization (Iran). The research community was the total population included 435 male and female employees of the Physical Education Organization in Iran. Statistical sample was gained through stratified random sampling. For this reason, 204 people took part in the research. This investigation is of a descriptive and correlation nature which was conducted as a survey study. For data collection, a researcher - made reliable and valid questionnaire (COMMUNICATIONAL Skills of Managers (a= 0.87) &Knowledge Management (a= 0.83) was used with some changes some experts recommended. The findings of this study show significant relationship between extant and desired condition COMMUNICATIONAL Skills of Managers (t=19.215, p= 0.05). In addition to, the results show that significant relationship between COMMUNICATIONAL Skills factors (self-disclosure, empathy, supportivness, positiveness, self-regulation, social skaill, idealized influence and inspireation and intellectual stimulation) with knowledge management subscales (knowledge creation, knowledge transition). The results imply that in order to efficiently benefit from knowledge management, one should elevation manager level you're COMMUNICATIONAL Skills.

A study of Nahl al-Balāgha, from the viewpoint of the science of communication and its concepts and with respect to the fact that Islam is essentially a COMMUNICATIONAL entity, indicates that some parts of Imam Ali (A.S.)'s sermons and letters contain valuable teachings concerning COMMUNICATIONAL discourses and issues. In this writing, it is attempted to review some of these discourses and doctrines such as: causes for sending Divine messengers and their propagation missions; the Qur'an as a Divine medium and its features; desirable approach for circulation of information between people and the government; hearsay in the service of Umayyads' psychological warfare against Imam Ali (A.S.); and Imam Ali (A.S.)'s foretelling of some of the events and plights awaiting Muslim communities.